The United States bankruptcy code was recently changed to make it more difficult for debtors to discharge their debts. The increasing number of cases where people simply wanted to clear their debts rather than enter into repayment agreements prompted these changes as a way to make debtors more responsible. The amount of debt that creditors had to simply write-off was beginning to cause problems for the economy as personal financial responsibility was at an all-time low. As a result, Congress enacted the first major reform in the bankruptcy code in almost three decades.
The new bankruptcy code resulted in the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act (BAPCPA) of 2005, but changes in bankruptcy code are not new for citizens of the United States. Congress was authorized to make changes to the rules and regulations that govern the relationship between debtors and creditors since 1801. Since then, the legislators have amended the bankruptcy code many times. The 2005 changes, however, created the most significant changes in the code in nearly two decades.
In April of 2005, President George Bush signed into law some new regulations to be added to the existing bankruptcy code. Under the new bankruptcy regulations, debtors who file for any form of bankruptcy protection must meet several requirements. Firstly, debtors who file for new bankruptcies are required to complete a financial counseling course. Since a large number of bankruptcy filings are due to irresponsible personal finance management, the counseling course is designed to help people recognize and change their spending behaviors. This also helps to deter future bankruptcy filings because statistics show that many people who file bankruptcy will do it again in the future.
The new bankruptcy code is specifically designed to discourage debtors from filing bankruptcy. In addition to this, it also encourages them to look at their finances and spending habits to see why they got into the predicament to begin with. One way that the new code accomplishes this is by requiring an attorney's signature on the bankruptcy petition before it can be filed with the court. Oftentimes, the lawyer is required to conduct an investigation into the debtor's finances, especially in cases of suspected abuse. The person's income is also evaluated to determine if the debts can be repaid through other means as well.
Other restrictions of the new bankruptcy code make it more difficult for debtors to file Chapter 7 bankruptcy to simply have their debts discharged. With the new regulations, the majority of cases are forced into a Chapter 13 bankruptcy that requires debtors to repay their debts with a scheduled payment plan. This process involves a court-appointed trustee to handle the finances of the debtor and a certain percentage of their regular income is delegated to the creditors. Repayment schedules are typically arranged so that the debts are paid within five years. Under the old bankruptcy code, however, it was much easier for debtors to file Chapter 7, which simply erases their debts without any form of repayment.
The recent changes to the United States bankruptcy code took effect in late 2005. These new regulations are directed toward debtors who have accumulated a large amount of debt and simply want to have their financial slate cleared. Since the new guidelines were enacted, debtors are required to complete a course in money management as well as agree to an investigation into their finances before a bankruptcy can be completed.
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